Class 10 - Science - Ch1 - Chemical Reactions & Equations

Ch1 - Chemical Reactions & Equations

MCQs, Q & A, NCERT Solutions

Q1:  A chemical reaction involves in
a. Only breaking of bonds
b. Only formation of bonds
c. Both breaking and formation of bonds
d. None of these

Answer: (c)  Both breaking and formation of bonds

Q2: A balanced chemical equation always obeys
a. Law of conservation of mass
b. Law of thermal equilibrium
c. Law of conservation of energy
d. All of the above

Answer: (a) law of conservation of mass.



Q3: Single displacement reaction involves:
a. Oxidation
b. Reduction
c. Redox
d. Heating

Answer: (c) redox

Q4: String of ants, bees contain
a. Formic acid
b. Vinegar
c. Succinic acid
d. Common Salt (NaCl)

Answer: (a) Formic acid

Q5: Some stale food gives a bad taste and a bad smell because of:
a. Corrosion
b. Displacement
c. Heating
d. Rancidity

Answer: (d) rancidity


Q6: A red brown gas is released on heating lead nitrate. It is an example of 
a. Combination reaction
b. Oxidation reaction
c. Decomposition reaction
d. Reduction reaction

Answer:  (c) Decomposition

Q7: The sign ↓ indicates
a. release of gas
b. dissolution of gas
c. formation of a precipitate
d. lowering of temperature


Answer: (c) formation of a precipitate

Q8: Why do gold and silver do not corrode?
Answer:It is because they are less reactive.

Q9: What do you mean by balanced chemical equation?

Answer: An equation that has equal number of atoms of each element on both the sides of equation is called balanced chemical equation, i.e., mass of the reactants is equal to mass of the products.
                    e.g., 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

Q10: Define rancidity.
Answer: When fats and oils are oxidized, they become rancid and their smell and taste
change. This process is known as rancidity.

Q11 (CBSE 2007): Write the type of reactions in the following:
  i. Reaction between an acid and a base
 ii. Rusting of iron

Answer: i. Neutralization reaction
             ii. Oxidation reaction

Q12: Give an example of decomposition reaction where energy is supplied in form of light.
Answer:
                                  _sunlight
            2AgBr(s) ------------------------> 2Ag (s) + Br₂(g)
      (Silver Bromide)

Q13: Why does copper vessel acquire green coating in rainy season?
Answer: It reacts with CO₂ in the atmosphere and forms a layer of basic Copper Carbonate.

Q14: What is the name of the gas which burns with a pop sound?
Answer: Hydrogen gas.

Q15: Why is Hydrogen peroxide stored in coloured bottles?
Answer: It is done to prevent photolytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

Q16: Name the oxidizing agent and reducing agent in the following equation.
         3MnO₂(s) + 4Al(s)   →     3Mn(s)  + 2Al₂O₃(s)

OR

Name a reducing agent that may be used to obtain manganese from manganese dioxide.

Answer: Reducing agent   : Al
               Oxidation Agent : MnO₂
Q17: Give two example from everyday life situations where redox reactions are taking place.

Answer: Corrosion and Rancidity


Q18: In electrolysis of water, why is the volume of gas collected over one electrode double that of gas collected over the other electrode ?

Answer: In water (H2O), hydrogen and oxygen are present in the raito of 2:1 by volume.

Q19: Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?

Answer: Magnesium is a reactive metal. It combines with oxygen of air to form a layer of magnesium oxide on its surface. Hence, it should be cleaned with a sand paper before burning to remove the oxide layer formed on its surface.

Q20: Explain how respiration is an exothermic reaction.

Answer: During digestion, food is broken down into simpler substances. For example, rice, potatoes and bread contain carbohydrates. These carbohydrates are broken down to form glucose. This glucose combines with oxygen in the cells of our body and provides energy. Hence, respiration is an exothermic process.
          C₆H₁₂O₆(aq) + 6O₂(aq) → 6CO₂(aq) + 6H₂O(l) + energy
          (Glucouse)

Q21: What factors influence the rate of chemical reaction?

Answer: Following are the factors that can influence the rate of reaction:

• Nature of Reactants. e.g. Mg reacts faster in HCl than in acetic acid.
• Concentration of reactants
• Surface Area of reactants. E.g. Powdered CaCO3 reacts quickly than marble chips.
• Temperature
• Catalyst

Q22: Define Endothermic reaction.

Answer: The reactions in which heat is absorbed are called endothermic reactions. In such reactions heat is shown as one of the reactants. If exact amount of heat absorbed is known then this amount is written otherwise simply the word heat is  written.
E.g. N₂(g) + 2O₂(g) + heat → 2NO(g)
                                                    nitric oxide

Q23: A silver ware is kept in a solution of CuSO₄ (aq). What change do you expect?
Answer: No reaction. because Silver is less reactive than copper.


Q24(CBSE exam): Name one metal when placed in ferrous sulphate solution will discharge its green colour. Write a chemical equation and state the reasons also.

Answer: Potassium(K) is one example. K is more reactive than iron and will replace it.
               2K + FeSO₄  →  K₂SO₄ + Fe
              Potassium +  Iron Sulphate → Potassium Sulphate + Iron


Q25: Why do we apply paint on iron articles? 
Answer: Iron articles are painted to prevent them from rusting. Rusting is oxidation of iron in the presence of air and moisture. The paint layer cuts off the the contact of iron articles from moisture and air. 

Q26(CBSE): A solution of a substance ''X'' is used for white washing
(i) Name the substance ''X'' and write its formula
(ii) Write the reaction of the substance ''X'' named in (i) above with water.
 
Answer:
(i) The substance ''X'' used for white washing is quick lime (calcium oxide). Its formula is CaO.
(ii) When quick lime is mixed with water, the following reaction takes place:

   CaO (s)     +  H₂O(l)   →  Ca(OH)₂(aq)
   Quick Lime           Water                    Slaked Lime
   (Calcium Oxide)                          (Calcium Hydroxide)

The white suspension of slaked lime when applied on the walls, combines with carbon dioxide (in air) forming a thin shining layer of calcium carbonate.

Ca(OH)₂(aq)  + CO₂(g) →   CaCO₃(s)  +   H₂O(l)
 Slaked Lime                                                     Calcium Carbonate

Q27(CBSE): Why is it important to balance a chemical equation?
Answer: The balancing of chemical equation is done to satisfy the law of conservation of mass, i.e. "total mass of all the products of reaction in a chemical reaction is equal the total mass of all the reactants".

Q28: What are the coefficients of the correctly balanced equation?
               ? Fe₂O₃ + ? CO → ? Fe + ? CO₂
(a) 0, 2, 2, 3
(b) 1, 3, 2, 3
(c) 1, 2, 2, 2
(d) 2, 6, 4, 3

Answer: (b) Ferric Oxide + Carbon Mono-oxide →  Iron + Carbon DiOxide

Q29: What are the coefficients of the correctly balanced equation?
            ? BaCl₂ + ? Al₂(SO₄)₃   → ? BaSO₄ + ? AlCl₃ (aq)
(a)  1, 1, 1, 2
(b)  3, 2, 3, 2
(c)  3, 1, 3,2
(d)  2, 1, 1, 2

Answer: (c) 3 BaCl₂ + 1 Al₂(SO₄)₃   → 3 BaSO₄ + 2 AlCl₃ (aq)

            Barium Chloride + Aluminium Sulphate → Barium Sulphate + Aluminium Chloride

Q30(CBSE2011): What is the colour of FeSO₄.7H₂O crystals ? How does this colour change upon heating ? Give balanced chemical equation for the changes.

Answer: Hydrated ferrous sulphate crystals are green in colour. On heating, single reactant breaks down to give simpler products. This is a decomposition reaction.

Ferrous sulphate crystals (FeSO₄.7H₂O) lose water when heated and the colour of the crystals changes. It then decomposes to ferric oxide (Fe2O3), sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and sulphur trioxide (SO₃). Ferric oxide is a solid, while SO₂ and SO₃ are gases.

You may use Wolfram Chemical Reaction Calculator E.g. Type lime + Water --> Calcium Hydroxide

Q31: Quick like (CaO - Calcium Oxide) reaction with water is regarded as exothermic. A student mixes these two products in a test tube and touches its side surface. Which of the following statement correctly describes the student's observation?

(a) The test tube becomes cold due to release of heat energy.
(b) The test tube becomes hot due to release of heat energy.
(c) The test tube becomes hot due to absorption of heat energy.
(d) The test tube becomes cold due to absorption of heat energy.

Answer:  (b) The test tube becomes hot due to release of heat energy.

Q32: The decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is an example of _____.
(Choose the correct option).
(a) endothermic reaction.
(b) exothermic reaction.

Answer: (b) exothermic.

Q33(CBSE): Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the following reaction:
 Iron reacts with steam to form Iron(II,III) oxide and hydrogen gas.

Answer:

 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(l)  ▬▬▬▬▬▶ Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)

 Iron     Water           Iron Oxide  Hydrogen 

Q34(CBSE): Identify the substance oxidized, substance reduced, oxidising agent and reducing agent.
                MnO₂ + 4HCl → MnCl₂ + 2H₂O + Cl₂

Answer:
              Substance Oxidised: HCl
              Substance reduced: MnO₂
              Reducing Agent: HCl
              Oxidising Agent: MnO₂

Q35: Bromine gas (Br₂) reacts with Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃) in aqueous solution and gives sodium bromide (NaBr), sodium bromate (NaBrO₃) and carbon-dioxide gas. How many number of sodium bromide molecules obtained in the balanced chemical equation.

Answer: From the question, we infer the unbalanced chemical equation is:
         Br₂ + Na₂CO₃  →  NaBr  + NaBrO₃  + CO₂

Balanced equation is:
        3 Br₂ + 3 Na₂CO₃  →  5 NaaBr  + NaBrO₃  + 3 CO₂
 It means 5 molecules of NaBr are obtained.

Q36: A numismatist (coin collector) has been collecting gold coins, silver coins and copper coins for a long time. One day he observed a black coating on silver coins and green coating on copper coins. What chemical process is responsible for these coatings. Also name the chemical formula of the black and green coatings.

Answer: The coating occurred due to a chemical process called corrosion. Black coating is due to deposit of Silver Sulphide (Ag₂S). Green coating is due to formation of Copper Carbonate (CuCO₃)
(✪Note: Silver usually is corrosion resistant and does not oxidize. However presence of sulphur gases in atmosphere can react and cause sulphur-corrosion. )

Q37: Methane gas (CH₄) when burns with oxygen (O₂) gives carbon dioxide and water. Write the balanced chemical equation and provide the following information in terms of reactants and products in the equation.
(a) no. of molecules
(b) no. of moles
(c) molar mass
(d) total mass of reactants and products
What does statement (d) infer?

Answer:  The balanced chemical equation is:
                CH₄ (g) + 2 O₂(g)  → 2H₂O (l) + CO₂(g)
               Methane  + Oxygen → water + carbon di-oxide

	Reactants	Products
a. No. of moldecules	CH4 (g), O2(g)	H2O, CO2(g)
b. no. of moles	1 mole of  CH4+ 1 mole of  O2(g)	2 moles of H2O + 1 mol of  CO2
c. molar mass	16g of CH4+ 64g of O2	44g of H2O + 36g of CO2
d.total mass	80g	80g

Statement (d) infers that law of conservation of mass is obeyed.

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