CBSE Class 10 - English (C) - Unit 10 - NOMINALISATION

Unit 10 - NOMINALISATION

Look at these sentences.

1. The school has decided to set up a student panchayat in school. It has created a lot of excitement among the students.
2. The decision of the school to set up a student panchayat has created a lot of excitement among the students.

In sentence (b) what happened to the verb 'decided'? Write your answer below:
__The verb 'decided' has been morphed into a noun 'decision'_______________________________

This is one example of a verb changing into a noun. This is called nominalisation.
(◉ When you turn a verb into a noun, you nominalise it, creating a nominalisation. It changes the focus of the sentence from actor to action.)


A.1 Verbs into nouns:
Complete the following chart by filling in the blanks with either the verb or the noun forms. One example has been done for you.

Answer:

No.	verbs	nouns
1	recognise	recognition
2	illustrate	illustration
3	to reduce	reduction
4	remove	removal
5	arrange	arrangement
6	attend	attendance
7	to be able	ability
8	describe	description
9	observe	observation
10	compel	compulsion
11	break	breakage
12	explore	exploration

A.2 Study the cartoons below:

What are the people trying to say? Study the first example and then complete the rest of the sentences using the same pattern.

Answer:

1. They are protesting against cutting down of trees.
2. They are demanding reduction in/of working hours.
3. The boss insists on everyone reporting to office on time.
4. They are worried about losing their jobs.
5. The women are demanding safer working conditions/environment.
6. They want the Government to put a ban on poaching animals.

A.3: Combine the following sentences by nominalising the first verb. The first sentence has been done as an example.

Answer:

1. Trees were planted along road sides .This made the surroundings look greener.
⇒ Planting of trees along the road sides made the surroundings look greener.

2. The bomb exploded. This shattered the window panes.
⇒ The window panes were shattered due to the explosion of the bomb.

3. The committee must approve our plan. We cannot launch our project till then.
⇒ We cannot launch our project till we get the approval of the committee for our plan.

4. There has been a rise in crime rate in the last two years. The police are very concerned.
⇒ The police are concerned about the rising crime rate in last two/rise in crime rat in last two years.

5. Thousands of people participated in the charity walk .This helped Cancer Aid Society to raise funds for treatment of cancer patients.

⇒ Participation of thousands of people in the charity walk helped Cancer Aid Society raise funds for
treatment of cancer patients.

6. The number of young people consuming drugs is growing .This has become an issue of social concern.
⇒ Consuming drugs by a growing number of young people has become an issue of social concern.

7. The eye witness described the accident scene vividly. This helped the police find the culprit
⇒ The vivid description of the accident scene helped the police find the culprit.

8. Vinod presented his project very effectively. He was able to bag the multimillion dollar order.
⇒ Vinod's effective presentation of his project helped him (in bagging/bag) the multimillion dollar order.

9. Mandela had spearheaded the fight against apartheid. He was convicted for this.
⇒ Mandela was convicted for spearheading the fight against apartheid.

10. He committed a series of cold blooded murders. He was awarded the death penalty.
⇒ He was awarded the death penalty for committing a series of cold blooded murders.

A.4. Read the following extract from a Newspaper.

RECOVERY OF ANCIENT SHIP

An ancient ship, over 500 years old, has been recovered off the coast of
Kerala. Salvage experts say…

Given below are some extracts from Newspapers. Underline the most important verb .Then use the noun form of that verb to create a headline, as shown above.

Answer:

1. Four more new escalators have been installed in the new Mall. People are very happy.
⇒ INSTALLATION OF NEW ESCALATORS IN NEW MALL

2. The outstanding contribution to Indian film making by Ranjit Say was recognized tonight by the Bombay Film Institute.
⇒ RECOGNITION OF INDIAN FILM MAKER RANJIT SAY

3. The Government has decided to set up a night safari at Noida. This will make this city very popular as more and more tourists…
⇒ DECISION TO SET UP NIGHT SAFARI AT NOIDA

4. His lost brother suddenly appeared after five years. This solved one of the greatest mysteries.
⇒ SUDDEN APPEARANCE OF LOST BROTHER

5. Professors are protesting pay cuts at the university. Students suffer as professors stay…
⇒ PROTEST BY PROFESSORS AGAINST PAY CUTS

A.5: Fill in the blanks with the noun forms of the verbs given in brackets.

Answer:

Hema: Recently I read an article about the improvement (improve) taking place in the health services.

Neena: When people get proper health care, it is bound to increase their life expectancy/expectation (expect).
(◉ Note: Here expectancy is a better term than expectation. 'expectancy' means state of hopefulness, while 'expectation' refers to 'likely to happen')

Hema: Of course doctors have to show greater dedication (dedicate) to their profession, particularly by bestowing (bestow) greater attention (attend) on the rural areas.

Neena: I agree. But, at the same time the government should also make adequate provision (provide) for decent living conditions for the doctors serving in villages.

Hema: Besides sending doctors to rural areas, steps should be taken for the supplies (supply) of standard drugs to primary health centres. Contamination (contaminate) of intravenous fluids and even vaccines due to non availability (available) of refrigeration (refrigerate) facilities continues to pose a severe threat to people.

Neena: Besides health, we should also address the needs of people in education (educate) and employment (employ). Only then can we achieve substantial development (develop) of the human resource.

Now write five sentences about the jobs you like doing or do not like doing.

1. I like playing football
2. I like watching sci-fiction.
3. I don't like cleaning my room.
4. I don't like doing things alone.
5. I like doing nothing.

B: Adjectives into Nouns:

B.1: Combine the following pairs of sentences by changing the adjective to a noun.

Answer:


1. He was honest. The Principal commended him at the assembly.
⇒ His honesty was commended by the Principal at the assembly.
⇒ The Principal commended him for his honesty at the assembly.
⇒ His honesty made the Principal commend him at the assembly.

2. Rajesh is a very amiable person. It has endeared him to his colleagues.
⇒ Rajesh's amiability has endeared him to his colleagues.

3. The actor was famous. It got him many endorsements.
⇒ The actor's fame got him many endorsements.

4. The young businessman was extravagant. It led to his downfall.
⇒ The young businessman's extravagance led to his downfall.

5. James was silent during the enquiry. It did not help the police in bringing the culprit to book.
⇒ James' silence during the enquiry did not help the police in bringing the culprit to book.

B.2: Fill in the blanks in the table below. Then check your answers in a dictionary.

Answer:

ADJECTIVES	NOUNS	ADJECTIVES	NOUNS
beautiful	beauty	fit	fitness
clean	cleanliness	high	height
neat	neatness	frequent	frequency
arrogant	arrogance	proud	pride
intelligent	intelligence	anxious	anxiety

C.4 Sentence reordering:

Reorder the following words and phrases to make meaningful sentences.

Answer:

1. the / polluting/ sponge iron industry/is a heavily/ industry.
⇒ The sponge iron industry is a heavily polluting industry.

2. of the match/ the umpires'/ very good/ was/ handing
⇒ The umpires' handing of the match was very good.

3. bad manners/ interrupting/ when he is / someone/talking / is
⇒  Interrupting someone when he is talking is bad manners.

4. acting / one and all/ his / by/was praised.
⇒ His acting was praised by one and all.

5. she/has decided/is so obsessed/not to join/with dancing/that she/any college.
⇒ She is so obsessed with dancing that she has decided not to join any college.


6. to live/in peace/forgiving/of others/and forgetting/best way/is the/the wrongs
⇒ Forgiving and forgetting the wrongs of others is the best way to live in peace.

7. accolades/Sachin's/batting/one and all/has won him/from
⇒ Sachin's batting has won him accolades from one and all.

8. playing havoc with /allowing the/to continue operations/polluting industries /in the cities / the health of the citizens/ will mean.
⇒ Allowing the polluting industries to continue operations in the cities will mean playing havoc with the health of the citizens.

9. news of rigging/the world of science/of climate change/took/by storm/the
⇒ The news of rigging of climate change took the world of science by storm.

10. only by ensuring that/strengthen/an ordinary man's voice is heard/can we/the processes of democracy
⇒ Only by ensuring that an ordinary man's voice is heard can we strengthen the processes of democracy.

D. Nominalisation -Summary

D.2 Complete the following sentences by filling the blanks with a word /words from the box.

resolutions, applause, devotion, burning of fossil fuels, probation

1. The ________________ is harmful for the environment.

2. Sachin's magnificent batting drew a lusty__________ from the spectators.

3. It is ___________ to work which motivates one to do different things.

4. I am guilty of making ___________ each new year which I let go easily.

5. Mahatma Gandhi served on __________ for a period of one year before becoming the member of the Servants of India Society.

Answer:
1. burning of fossil fuels
2. applause
3. devotion
4. resolutions
5. probation

D.3: Complete the following paragraph by filling in the blanks with the most appropriate words given.

Scientists all over the world are trying to invent newer ways for (1)________ of energy without harming the environment. In Netherlands a team of scientists is researching into (2)________ the waters of the North Sea to generate enough energy for thousands of homes.

The experiment involves (3)________ a battery ,using salt and fresh water streams and channelizing them over stacks of membranes .The salt water contains positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions . Electrodes were set up to create a battery which would generate power.

Through this research the Dutch are aiming at setting up a 200 mW power plant which will generate enough power to cater for three provinces. Blue Water energy will be 30-40% more efficient than burning coal. It is also (4)_____________ and (5)____________

Scientists in other parts of the world are also busy finding ways and means to generate energy . The (6)____________ of a childhood pastime of flying kites gave the senior scientists of Delhi University a brilliant idea. They felt that this simple childhood game could be used to provide some kind of breakthrough .

By (7)____________ a few kites tethered to a generator, this team realized that they could produce 10 KW of power. This was sufficient to power 10 family homes .The researchers now plan to carry this (8)__________ further . Using multiple kites, they plan to generate 50 KW of power . They call this invention, Laddermill.

Answer:

No.	A	B	C	D
1.	generate	generated	generating	generation✓
2.	tapping✓	tap	tapped	to tap
3.	made	making✓	make	to make
4.	renewed	renewable✓	renewing	renew
5.	sustain	sustaining	sustained	sustainable✓
6.	observing	observe	observed	observation✓
7.	flying✓	flown	fly	flyer
8.	inventiveness	inventing	invention✓	invented

(In progress...)