Class 11/12 - Biology - Classification of Plants (#cbsenotes)(#eduvictors)

Biology - Classification of Plants - Herbs, Shrubs and Trees and Other Types

Q1: Based on habit i.e. Based on height, duration and nature of stem, how plants are classified?

Answer:
① Herbs
② Shrubs
③ Trees


Q2: On the basis of On the basis of flowering frequency, how plants are classified?

Answer:
① Monocarpic - These plants flower and fruit only once in their lifetim
② Polycarpic - These plants bear flowers and fruits repeatedly.


Q3: On the basis of life span, how plants are classified?

Answer:

① Annuals
② Biennials
③ Perennials




Q4: On the basis of habitat, how plants are classified?

Answer:

① Hydrophytes
② Mesophytes
③ Lithophytes
④ Halophytes
⑤ Psammophytes
⑥ Xerophytes


Q5: What are herbs?

Answer:
① These are small plants with soft, delicate and green stems.
② These plants normally grow to a height of less than 2 m.
③ These may be annuals or biennials or perennials.
④ Examples: mustard, carrot. banana.


Q6: Give examples of annual herbs.

Answer: Mustard, pea, rice, etc.


Q7: Give examples of biennials herbs.

Answer: Beet, carrot.


Q8: Give examples of perennials herbs.

Answer: Ginger, banana.


Q9: What are annuals? 

Answer: Plants which complete their life cycle from germination through flowering and seed production to death in a single year or less are called annuals.
Examples are cereals, grains, legumes, etc.


Q10: What are Biennials?

Answer: Plants which complete their life cycle in two years are called biennials. In these plants, flowering usually occurs during the second year, after a year of vegetative growth.
Beets and carrots are examples of biennials.


Q11: What are Perennials?

Answer: Plants that live for few years to several hundred years are called perennials.

Examples are neem, Ficus, etc.


Q12: What are Hydrophytes? Give examples.

Answer: Plants growing in aquatic habitats are called hydrophytes. These can be fresh water or marnie plants.

Examples are:
Fresh Water: Wolffia, Lemna, Nelumbo
Marine hydrophytes are: Zostera, Thalassia.


Q13: Plants that grow on rocky substrata are called ________? Give examples.

Answer: Lithophytes. Examples are: many algae, Nostoc, ferns, etc.


Q14: What are Halophytes?

Answer: These are the plants of saline habitats that may be terrestrial, e.g., Salsola or mangrove plants (found in marshy habitats along sea shore), e.g., Rhizophora.


Q15: What do we call plants that have sandy habitats?

Answer: Psammophytes


Q16:  What are Xerophytes?

Answer: These are the plants that grow in dry habitats, e.g., Capparis, Acacia. Some may be succulents, e.g., Euphorbia.


Q17: What are Mesophytes? Give examples?

Answer: Plants of moist habitats like tropical rainforests, crop plants, etc. are called mesophytes.
Examples are: sunflower, Artocarpus.