CBSE Class 12 - Physical Education - Chapter - Psychology and Sports- Personality Types (Questions and Answers)(#PhysicalEducation)(#cbseClass12)(#eduvictors)

Chapter  - Psychology and Sports- Personality Types (Questions and Answers)

CBSE Class 12 - Physical Education

Q1: From which latin word the term 'Personality' is derived?

Answer: Persona which means 'the mask'.

Q2: Define the term 'Personality'.

Answer: Personality is the integration of an individual’s most characteristics structure, mode of behaviour, interest, attitudes, capacities, aptitudes, and abilities. It includes the following qualities of a human being:

- physical qualities,

- mental qualities,

- emotional qualities, 

- interest and behavior.

Q3: From which greek letter the word 'psychology' is derived from?

Answer: Psychology is derived from Greek words 'psyche' and 'logos'. 'Psyche' means soul or mind, while 'logos' means study. In layman terms, it is a study of behavior.

Q4: Define sports psychology.

Answer: Sports psychology is the branch of applied psychology which deals with sports performance and the behavior of a player during training or competitions.

Q5: What are the four dimensions of personality?

Answer: The four dimensions of personality are:

Ⓐ Physical dimension

Ⓑ Emotional dimension

Ⓒ Social dimension

Ⓓ Mental dimension

Ⓐ Physical dimension

    First impression is the last impression , it is related to good physique , good appearance and good health etc

Ⓑ Emotional dimension

     It is related to emotional stability, must have control over emotions.

Ⓒ Social dimension

     Man is a social animal, man does not live for himself alone, he lives for others too , influenced by behavioural patterns, customs, traditions, norms standards and manners.

Ⓓ Mental dimension

     It is related to mental and intellectual strength and abilities.

Q6: Discuss in the detail about the classification of personality given by Herbert Sheldon.

Answer: Herbert Sheldon was an American pychologist who was born in 1, Nov 1898. He divided

personality on the basis of three physical structure called somatotypes i.e.

① Ectomorphic personality (cerebrotonic)

② Endomorphic personality (viscerotonic )

③ Mesomorphic personality (somatotonic)

① Ectomorphic personality 

Ectomorph has narrow shoulder, thin arms and legs, a narrow face and a flat chest. They are slim and slender, poor muscles, thoughtful, quiet, fragile, self conscious, pessimistic and are not fond of physical activity. 

● Very thin and lean. 

●  Narrow shoulders, hips and chest

●  Not much fat or muscle 

●  Long arms and legs

② Endomorphic personality

Endomorphs has a round body characterised by wide hips, narrow shoulders and plump fat they have extra body fat on their body parts such as arms and thigh. They are relaxed,  easy going, fun loving and sociable in nature.

● Large body frame 

● High percentage of body fat

● Wide hips but narrow shoulders 

● Ankles and wrists tend to be slim

③ Mesomorphic personality

Mesomorphs have athletic physique. There shoulders are broad, chest narrow, arms and legs strong. They have more muscles than fat. They are active, courageous, adventurous, assertive, bold, dominating and competitive in nature.

●  Muscular physique 

●  Wide shoulders and narrow hips

●  Strong arms and legs 

●  Very little body fat

Q7: Jung's classification of human personality is based on what factors? (physical or mental)

Answer: Based on mental factors.

Q8: Explain the Jung's classification of human personality.

Answer: Based on mental factors, Carl Jung developed the theory that individuals each has a psychological type. According to his theory, human personality can be classified into three main categories:

① Introvert

② Extrovert

③ Ambivert

① Introvert

If an individual is motivated or energised by the internal world of thoughts, feelings and reflections, he is known as Introvert. An introvert has poor self confidence, moody, unsocial, quiet and pessimist.

② Extrovert

This kind of individual associated with external world of object and other people. An extrovert believes in action, social settings, interacting. In general an extrovert person is friendly, confident responsive and lively leader.

③ Ambivert

This kind of person has the mix trait of introvert and extrovert. usually ambivert has few friends. Based on situation, an ambivert can lean towards introvert or extrovert behaviour. 

Q9: What are the big five distinct factors as central to personality in Big Five Theory?

Answer: The big five factors are:

1. Openess 

2. Conscientiousness

3. Extraversion:

4. Agreeableness

5. Neuroticism

👉Note: The five-factor model can be more easily remembered through the acronym : OCEAN.

Q10: Describe Big Five theory and its five personality factors in detail.

Answer: “The Big Five” is a theory of personality that identifies five distinct factors as central to personality.

Each part of big five theory describes that every personality has each trait present in it but there is a range with two ends (high or low), and our personality can be described by the traits which are high or low. The five categories are usually described as follows:

1. Openness Traits

Individuals who score high on openness to experience tend to be very creative and amenable to new ideas and activities The persons of this personality trait are highly:

- curious (able to enjoy the new experiences), 

- imaginative, 

- creative , 

- original ,

- able to learn new changes and concepts

- artistic and

- broad-minded.

Those who score low on openness to experience are more inclined toward conventional thought and are lowly as stubborn, unimaginative, uncreative ,narrow-minded etc.

2. Conscientiousness: 

The second factor of this model, conscientiousness, revolves around the idea of organization and perseverance .They are willing to dedicate an enormous amount of effort to succeed.  The person os this trait is able to:

- compete with life challenges

- control self discipline

- act dutifully

- plan and organize

- work independently, and

- do hardwork

The persons of this personality trait are highly  organized, persistent, responsible, goal-directed, careful and the lowly as disorganized, negligent , undisciplined, irresponsible, unsystematic and careless.

3. Extraversion: 

The third factor of the Big Five focuses on sociability and where individuals derive their energy from. They are often described as the “life of the party”.

The assessment of this trait shows that how the person:

- is energetic

- has positive emotions

- has Assertiveness

- is sociable

- is talkative

- is fun loving

- has friendly nature or has tendency to make new friends

- able to get affection from other

They favour being in the spotlight and frequently engage in thrill-seeking behaviours. The persons of this personality trait are very talkative, assertive , energetic, social, gregarious, active, lively and the lowly as Introverted, reserved, withdrawn, silent, inactive, unsocial.

4. Agreeableness:

It revolves around the idea of trust, honesty and compliance. Individuals who are agreeable tend to be more straightforward and tolerant by nature.

The assessment of this trait shows that how the person:

- has sense of cooperation

- is systematic

- is kind

- is friendly

- is gentle

The persons of this personality trait are highly cooperative, forgiving, modest, tolerant, trustworthy, courteous, flexible, soft-hearted and sensitive. The lowly as aggressive, argumentative, suspicious, confrontational, impolite, inflexible and insensitive.

5. Neuroticism:

This trait focuses on the experience of negative emotions. Individuals who fall in the neurotic category tend to be more prone to mood swings and emotional reactivity. The assessment of this trait shows how the person:

- has emotional stability

- is able to control anger

- is able to control the level of anxiety

- is able to protect him self from depression

The persons of this personality trait are highly emotional, insecure, moody, anxious, depressed, angry, embarrassed and worried. While the lowly ones are self-confident, secure, assured, hopeful, encouraging.

👉See also:

 Class 12 Phy Edu. Chapter 1: Planning In Sports (Important Terms) 
 Chapter 2: Sports Nutrition - All About Balanced Diet (Q & A)
 Chapter 7: Effect of Exercise on Cardio-Respiratory System (Q & A)