Class 10 - Chapter 1 - Introduction to AI - Questions and Answers #eduvictors #AIStudyNotes

Class 10 - Chapter 1 - Introduction to AI - Questions and Answers

Q1. What is intelligence?

Answer: The ability to understand and deal with new situations is called intelligence. Intelligence includes problem-solving, decision-making, reasoning, planning, linguistic skills and many more.

e.g. If you notice a dark cloud forming in the sky, your instinct (intelligence) will prompt you to seek shelter. Similarly, when you encounter a friend on the street, your intelligence will tell you to offer a friendly greeting and catch up with him/her.

Q2. What are the four main features of intelligence?

Answer: 

i. Problem Solving and decision making.

ii. Reasoning and planning

iii. Learning and adaptability

iv. Linguistic intelligence.

Q3. According to American psychologist, Howard E Gardner, there are nine types of intelligence. Name them.

Answer: 

1. Naturalist intelligence

2. Musical Intelligence

3. Logical-Mathematical intelligence / Cognitive intelligence

4. Existential Intelligence

5. Interpersonal intelligence

6. Linguistic Inteligence

7. Intrapersonal intelligence

8. Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence

9. Visual-spatial intelligence

Q4. What is cognitive intelligence?

Answer: Cognitive intelligence refers to the mental abilities and processes involved in learning, understanding, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making. It encompasses various aspects of mental functioning, including memory, attention, perception, comprehension, and executive functions like planning and problem-solving. Cognitive intelligence plays a crucial role in how individuals acquire knowledge, process information, and adapt to new situations. It is often assessed through measures such as IQ tests, which evaluate a person's ability to solve problems, think critically, and learn from experience.

Q5. (MCQ) Which of the following intelligence deals with the ability of people to evaluate their own strengths and weaknesses and regulate their thoughts?

(a) Intrapersonal intelligence

(b) Naturalist intelligence

(c) Existential intelligence

(d) Interpersonal intelligence

Answer: (a) Intrapersonal intelligence

Q6. What do you understand by linguistic Intelligence?

Answer: Linguistic intelligence means intelligence to understand and interpret human natural language and try to extract meaning from it.

Q7. What do you understand by Interpersonal Intelligence?

Answer: Understanding human emotions, and feelings and being influenced by them is known as interpersonal intelligence.

Q8. What is decision-making?

Answer: Decision-making is the capability of a person to identify the situation, gather information and select the best solution to the problem out of all the available options.

Q9. List the factors on which the decision-making process depends upon.

Answer: The process of decision-making depends upon the following factors:

➀ skills

➁ available information

➂ knowledge

➃ experience

Q10. Define Artificial Intelligence.

Answer:  A machine is artificially intelligent when it can accomplish tasks by itself - collect data, understand it, analyze it, learn from it, and improve it. When a machine possesses the ability to mimic human traits, i.e., make decisions, predict the future, learn and improve on its own, it is said to have artificial intelligence.

Q11. Who coined the term "Artificial Intelligence"?

Answer: The term "Artificial Intelligence" was coined by John McCarthy at an academic conference at Dartmouth College in 1956. He is considered as the father of AI.

Q12. How does a machine become Artificially Intelligent?

Answer: A machine becomes intelligent by training with data and algorithms. AI machines keep updating their knowledge to optimize their output.

Q13. If a washing machine gets enabled with AI technology, then what functionality would it depict according to you? 

Answer: If a washing machine had AI, it could be super cool! 

➀ It might learn our washing habits and suggest the best settings. 

➁ It could even detect stains and choose the right cycle. 

➂ It could message our phones when the washing's done. 

Q14. Mention two types of machines which have evolved with time.

Answer: Television/Mobile Phones/ Ceiling Fans/ Microwave ovens/ Headphones / Speakers/ Harvesters/ Refrigerators/Air Conditioners etc.

Q15. Give one example of the application of AI in the following sectors:

1. AI in Healthcare

2. AI in Social Networking

3. AI in education

4. AI in manufacturing industries

5. AI in banking

Answer:

1. AI in Healthcare: AI can be used to analyze medical images like X-rays and MRIs to assist doctors in diagnosing diseases more accurately and quickly, such as detecting cancerous tumours or abnormalities.

2. AI in Social Networking: Social media platforms use AI algorithms to personalize content feeds, recommend friends or connections, and target advertisements based on users' interests and behaviour.

3. AI in Education: AI-powered tutoring systems can provide personalized learning experiences, adaptively adjusting content and pacing to suit individual students' needs and learning styles, enhancing their understanding and retention of material.

4. AI in Manufacturing Industries: In manufacturing, AI can optimize production processes by predicting equipment failures, scheduling maintenance, and automating quality control, leading to increased efficiency and reduced downtime.

5. AI in Banking: Banks utilize AI for fraud detection and prevention, analyzing patterns in transactions to identify suspicious activity and protect customers from unauthorized access or fraudulent transactions.

Q16. Mention four examples of machines that are smart but not AI.

Answer: 

- Automatic gates in shopping malls,

- Remote control drones,

- A fully automatic washing machine

- Air Conditioner 

- Refrigerator 

- Robotic toy cars

- Television etc.

Q17. How does learning and adapting help an AI machine in improvising itself?

Answer: A machine with artificial intelligence gathers real-time data and seeks to identify new patterns within it. Machines learn much like humans do; through supervision or observation, responding based on past experiences in similar situations. They also learn from their mistakes. The more a machine is trained on data, the more accurate its results become.

For instance, a virtual assistant starts with basic instructions but over time, it learns from user input such as wake-up times, sleep schedules, and meal times. Subsequently, it provides reminders based on this data and adjusts to new commands accordingly.

Q18. How has AI changed the gaming world?

Answer: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the gaming industry by enabling games to become more intelligent through the use of machine learning algorithms. These days, games aim to recognize human behaviour patterns, respond to them, and add additional levels of difficulty.

Q19. Differentiate between what is AI and what is not AI with the help of an example?

Answer: 

AI Machine

1. AI machines are trained with data and algorithms.

2. AI machines learn from mistakes and experience. They try to improvise on their next iterations.

3. AI machines can analyse the situation and can make decisions accordingly.

4. AI-based drones capture the real-time data during the flight, process it in real-time, and make a human-independent decision based on the processed data.

Not AI machine

1. Smart machines which are not AI, do not require training data, they work on algorithms only.

2. Smart machines work on fixed algorithms and they always work with the same level of efficiency, which is programmed into them.

3. Machines which are not AI cannot make decisions on their own.

4. An automatic door in a shopping mall, seems to be AI-enabled, but it is built with only sensor technology.

Q20. What are the three domains of AI?

Answer:

➀ Data Science

➁ Computer Vision

➂ Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Q21. Define data science and give an example.

Answer: Data science is a field that combines elements of mathematics, statistics, computer science and domain knowledge to extract valuable insights from large and complex datasets. It deals with the collection, analysis, exploration and visualization of a large amount of data (numeric or alphanumeric) so that meaningful information can be obtained. In essence, it's the art of turning raw data into actionable knowledge.

Imagine a retail store trying to understand customer buying habits. A data scientist might collect data on customer purchases, demographics, and loyalty programs. Using statistical analysis and tools like machine learning, they could uncover hidden patterns. For example, they might find that customers who buy certain products are also likely to buy others, allowing the store to target promotions more effectively. This data-driven approach can improve decision-making across various industries.

Q22. What is computer vision? Give an example.

Answer: Computer vision is like teaching computers to see. It uses cameras and clever algorithms to understand images and videos. 

For example, a self-driving car uses computer vision to spot pedestrians and road signs, just like you would while driving.

Q23. Define Natural Language Processing and give an example. 

Answer: Natural Language Processing (NLP) is like teaching computers to understand and talk like humans. It's a type of smart technology that helps computers make sense of words, sentences, and even emotions in human language.

For example, NLP lets your smartphone understand your voice commands or translates messages between languages like a digital translator.

Q24. Define ethics. Why do we have ethical concerns with AI?

Answer: The term ethics refers to a system of principles and rules of conduct that govern an individual's behaviour and actions. In essence, ethics are a set of moral principles that define what is right and wrong. 

AI ethics are a result of concerns that poorly built AI systems may result in bias, and unfairness, or may lead to privacy issues. We want to ensure that AI is applied responsibly and doesn't have any unfavourable side effects.

Q25. List at least two ethical concerns related to AI.

Answer: AI ethics are broadly classified into two categories:

➀ Ethical Concerns of AI Related to Data

➁ Ethical Concerns related to implications of AI systems.

➀ Ethical Concerns of AI Related to Data

It includes:

   - Possible bias in data collection.

     Data collected though appears complete but it is not. It does not represent the whole picture. Imagine you're collecting information about your classmates for a project on favourite foods. You only ask your five best friends, who all love pizza.  Based on this info, you might say EVERYONE in your class loves pizza! That wouldn't be right, because you only picked a small group and they all have similar tastes. It can be selection bias or confirmation bias.

   - Problem of inclusion in the AI system.

   That's kind of the problem with inclusion in AI. AI systems learn from the data we feed them, and if that data isn't inclusive, meaning it only represents a certain kind of person or situation, the AI might not work well for everyone. For example, a facial recognition system trained mostly on photos of fair-skinned people might struggle to recognise darker skin tones.

➁ Ethical Concerns related to implications of AI systems.

   - Privacy concerns

   AI needs lots of data to work, but we don't want it to know everything private about us.

   Imagine your phone remembers everything you search online, and an AI uses that info to show you ads or judge you. That's a privacy concern! 

   We do not want our phones to collect information like whom we message or what embarrassing things we search for. We need to be careful how AI uses our data so it helps us, not snoops on us.

   - Future of Jobs

   It is a notable concern regarding the loss of jobs in future due to the adoption of AI-enabled systems in various sectors. 

   - Security

   Like other technologies, AI can be used for both constructive and destructive purposes.

   - Income inequalities (Digital Divide)

AI looks promising, but it can widen the digital gap among groups of society. Imagine an app that gives everyone a personalised study plan, but you need a fancy phone and strong internet to use it. People who can't have purchasing capacity would be left behind. This is how AI might advantage those who can afford it, leaving others without the same opportunities. We need to make sure AI is accessible and affordable, otherwise, it could be a booster for the privileged only. 

Q26. How does AI access to kids affect their growth?

Answer: AI can be a double-edged sword for kids' growth. It can train students for future challenges in life by learning AI tools. On the other hand, students can miss out on developing social skills or independent learning by early adoption of AI tools. 

For example, a student who constantly uses an AI calculator to solve math problems might never truly grasp the concepts behind them.

👉See Also:

Intelligence and Its Types