Comparing Quantities
NCERT Chapter (Ex 8.2)
Q1:A man got a 10% increase in his salary.If his new salary is 1,54,000,find his original salary.
Answer:
Let original salary be x. Given that new salary is 1,54,000.
Original salary + increment= New salary
But it is given that increment is 10% of the original salary.
Therefore,
Thus,the original salary was Rs 1,40,000.
Q2: On Sunday 845 people went to the zoo.On Monday only 169 people went.What is the percent decrease in the people visiting zoo on Monday?
Answer:
Given that on Sunday,845 people went to the zoo and on Monday,169 people went.
Decrease in number of people = 845-169=676
Percentage Decrease
Q3: A shopkeeper buys 80 articles for Rs 2,400 and sells them at the profit of 16%. Find the selling price of one article.
Answer:
Since shopkeeper buys 80 articles for Rs 2.400,So
Cost of one article
Profit percent = 16
Selling price of one article= C.P + Profit = Rs (30 + 4.80)= Rs. 34.80
Q4: The cost of an article was Rs 15,500. Rs 450 was spent on its repairs.If it is sold for a profit of 15%,find the selling price of the article.
Answer:
Total cost of an article = Cost + Overhead expanses
= Rs 15500 + Rs 450
= Rs 15950
∴ Selling price of one article= C.P + Profit = Rs(15950 + 2392.50)
=Rs 18342.50
Q5: A VCR and TV were bought for Rs 8,000 each.The shopkeeper made a loss of 4% on the VCR and profit of 8% on the TV.Find the gain or loss percent on the whole transaction.
Answer:
C.P of a VCR = Rs 8,000
Shopkeeper made a loss of 4% on the VCR means if C.P = Rs 100 , then S.P is Rs 96
When C.P is Rs 8,000,S.P
C.P of a TV= Rs 8000
Shopkeeper made a profit of 8% on the TV means if C.P = Rs 100 , then S.P is Rs 108
When C.P is Rs 8000,S.P
Total S.P = Rs 7680 + Rs 8640 = Rs 16320
Total C.P = Rs 8000 + Rs 8000 = Rs 16000
We can see that total S.P > total C.P ,this means there was a profit.
Total Profit = Rs 16320 - Rs. 16000 = Rs 320
Therefore,shopkeeper had a gain of 2% on the whole transaction.
Q6: During a sale,a shop offered discount of 10% on the marked price of all the items.What would a customer have to pay for a pair of jeans marked at Rs 1450 and two shirts marked at Rs 850 each?
Answer:
Total marked price = Rs (1450 + 2 x 850) = Rs (1450 + 1700) = Rs 3150
Given Discount %= 10 %
Also, Discount = Marked Price - Sale Price
Rs 315= Rs 3150- Sale Price
∴ Sale Price = Rs (3150-315) = Rs 2385
Thus, customer have to pay Rs 2,385
Q7: A milkman sold two of his buffaloes for Rs 20,000 each.On one he made a gain of 5% and on the other a loss of 10%.Find his overall gain or loss.
Answer:
S.P of each buffalo = Rs 20000
Milkman made a profit of 5% on selling one buffalo means if C.P = Rs 100 , then S.P is Rs 105
C.P of one buffalo
Also,Milkman made a loss of 10% on selling second buffalo means if C.P = Rs 100 , then S.P is Rs 90
∴ C.P of other buffalo
Total C.P = Rs 19047.62 + Rs 22222.22 = Rs 41269.84
Total S.P = Rs 20000 + Rs 20000 = Rs 40000
We can see that total C.P > total S.P ,this means there was a loss.
Loss = Rs 41269.84 - Rs 40000 = Rs 1269.84
So,overall loss of milkman was Rs 1269.84
Q8: The price of a TV is Rs 13,000.The sales tax charged on it is at the rate of 12%. Find the amount that Vinod will have to pay if he buys it.
Answer:
On Rs 100,the tax to be paid = Rs 12
On Rs 13000,the tax to be paid will be = Rs. 12/100 × 13000
= Rs 1560
Required amount = Cost + Sales Tax = Rs 13000 + Rs 1560
= Rs 14560
So,Vinod have to pay Rs 14560 for the TV.
Q9: Arun bought a pair of skates at a sale where the discount given was 20%. If the amount he pays is Rs 1,600 , find the marked price.
Answer:
Let the marked price be x.
Also,
Discount = Marked Price - Sale Price
So,the marked price was Rs 2000
Q10: I purchased a hair-dryer for Rs 5,400 including 8% VAT. Find the price before VAT was added.
Answer:
The price includes VAT which means that if the price without VAT is Rs 100, then price including
VAT will be Rs 108.
When price including VAT is Rs 108 ,Original price = Rs 100
When price including VAT is Rs 5400 ,Original price
So,the price of hair-dryer before the addition of VAT was Rs 5,000.
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