Wednesday 22 October 2014

CBSE Class 9 Science - Diversity in Living Organisms (Important Differences)

Diversity in Living Organisms

CBSE Class 9 Science - Diversity in Living Organisms (Important Differences)
Evolutionary Tree
credits: wikipedia

Important Differences

Five classes of vertebrates are Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia



    Pisces   Amphibia        Reptilia     Aves    Mammalia
Habitat Aquatic Both land
and water
Some
terrestrial,
others
aquatic
Terrestrial
(aerial)
Usually
terrestrial,
few aquatic.
Skin Covered
with
scales/plates
Smooth
skin with
mucus
glands and
lacking
scales
Waterproof
skin
with scales
Mostly
covered
with
feathers
Covered with
hair and
contains
sweat and oil
glands.
Body
Temperature Control
Cold blooded Cold blooded Cold blooded Warm blooded Warm blooded
No. of heart
chambers
2 3 3 (except crocodiles) 4 4
Respiration Gills Gills, lungs
or skin
Lungs Lungs Lungs
Mode of
Reproduction
Oviparous (egg laying) Oviparous Oviparous Oviparous Viviparous
Locomotion Tail and fins Limbs Limbs Wings Limbs
Examples Rohu, shark,
sea-horse,
sting ray
Frog, Toad
salamander,

Crocodile,
snake,
turtle,
lizard
Pigeon,
ostrich,
hen, duck
Human,
whale, bat,
lion




Five Kingdoms

Kingdom Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Cell Complexity Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic
Body Design Unicellular Unicellular Multicellular Multicellular Multicellular
Mode of Nutrition Heterotroph or Autotroph Heterotroph or Autotroph Saprophytes Autotroph Heterotroph
Ecological Role Decomposer Consumer Decomposer Producer Consumer
Other Characteristics Locomotion by flagella Pesuopads, intracellular movement Cell wall made of chitin Tissue Differentiation, seeds bearing etc. Tissue Differentiation, Mostly mobile...
Examples bacteria, blue-green algae Amoeba, Paramecium,  Diatoms Mushroom, Yeast Ferns, green plants Sponges, Fishes, Birds, Humans

Primitive vs Advanced Organisms


Primitive Organisms Advanced Organisms
1. Simple body organisation. 1. Complex body organization.
2. Ancient body changes haven't changed much 2. Recent body design.
3. Considered at first ladder on evolutionary scale. 3. Considered at successive ladders on evolutionary scale.


Thallophytes vs Pteridophytes


Num. Thallophytes Pteridophytes
1. Plant body is not well differentiated. Plant body is differentiated into root, stems and leaves.
2. No vascular system present for conduction of water and food substances. Simpler vascular system present for conduction of water and substances.
3. Mostly aquatic (algae) Mostly land plants
4. Spirogyra, Chara etc. Ferns, Marsilea etc.


Pteridophytes vs Phanerograms


Num. Pteridophytes Phanerograms
1. Have inconspicuous reproductive organs. Well differentiated reproductive parts.
2.  Produce naked embryos called spores.  Produce seeds.
3.  Simple Vascular System  Highly differentiated vascular system
4.  Examples: Marsilea, Adiantum etc.  Examples: Pine, Cycas, Deodar, Sunflower, Maize etc.

Gymnosperms vs Angiosperms


Num. Gymnosperms Angiosperms
1. Naked seed i.e. seeds not enclosed within fruit. Seeds are enclosed with fruit walls (coltyledons).
2. Flowers are represented as unisexual cones which produce spores.  Microspores are anthers while megaspores are ovules.
3.  Ovules not located in ovary  Ovules present inside ovary.
4.  Examples: Pines, Cycas, Deodar etc.  Examples: Sunflower, Maize, Wheat, Pea, bean etc.

Monocots vs Dicots


- Monocots Dicots
Cotyledons One Cotyledon  Two Cotyledons
Veins in leaves Usually Parallel  Generally netlike
Flower Parts
In general multiple
of three

  In fours or five
Arrangement of primary
vascularbundles
in stem
Scattered  In a ring


Poriferans vs Coelentrates


Num. Poriferan Animals Coelentrate Animals
1.  Cellular level organization.  Tissue level organization.
2.  Mostly marine and non-motile.  Aquatic either soliary life or colonial life.
3.  Examples: Spongilla, Euplectelia etc.  Examples: Hydra, sea anemones, corals etc.

Nematoda vs Annelids


Num. Nematoda Annelida
1.  Tissues but no real organs.  True organs packaged in body structure.
2.  Body Cavity is not true coelom (pseudocoelom)  True body Cavity
3.  Body is cylindrical  Body is segmented.
4.  e.g. Ascaris, Wucharia  e.g. Leeches, Earthworms, Nereis

Annelids vs Arthopods


Num. Annelids Arthropods
1. True body cavity called coelem  Blood filled body cavity called haemocoel.
2.  Lateral appendages for locomotion.  Jointed legs for locomotion
3.  Closed circulatory system  Open circulatory System.
4.  Body is soft, there is no hard skeleton  Hard Exoskeleton made up of chitin
5.  Body is segmented both externally and internally (septa)  e.g. Body is externally divided but not internally by septa.
6.  e.g. Leech, earthworms etc.  e.g. Insects, spiders, prawns etc.



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