REACHING THE AGE OF ADOLESCENCE
Q & A Based NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter
Q 1: List the changes occur during adolescent age.
Answer:
CHANGES OCCUR AT ADOLESCENT AGE:
1) INCREASE IN HEIGHT
2) DEVELOPMENT OF HAIR
3) SEXUAL FEELING
4) VOICE CHANGES
5) CHANGE IN BODY SHAPE
6) CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR AND ATTITUDES
7) ACTIVITY OF SWEAT AND OIL GLANDS
Q 2: What is the function of endocrine system? What is it made up of?
Answer: There are a number of other slower processes that go on in the body, such as growth such processes are primarily controlled by the endocrine system.
The endocrine system consist of a number of ductless glands that secrete hormones.
Q3: What is Adam's apple?
Answer: Adam's apple: The protruding part of the throat is called Adam’s apple. It is the enlarged voice box or larynx which gets enlarged and visible from outside in boys at the onset of puberty. This makes the voice of boys hoarse.
Q 4: Name four body processes that hormones control?
Answer: Growth behavior, development and reproduction are controlled by hormones.
Q 5: What hormone does adrenal grand produce? What is the function of this hormone?
Answer: The adrenal grands secrete the hormone adrenalin when a person is angry or afraid. It prepares the body to flight or to run away.
Q 6: Why is the pituitary referred as the ‘master gland’?
Answer: The pituitary gland is also referred as the master gland as it influences the functioning of the other glands like adrenal gland, thyroid gland, testes, ovaries etc.
Q 7: Name four endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete?
Answer:
| GLANDS | HORMONES | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | ADRENAL GLANDS | ADRENALINE |
| 2. | PANCREAS | INSULIN |
| 3. | THYROID GLAND | THYROXINE |
| 4. | TESTES | TESTOSTERONE |
| 5. | OVARY | OESTROGEN PROGESTERONE |
 |
| Endocrine System in Humans |
Q8: What do you understand by ‘puberty’?
Answer: The stage of life when the body becomes capable of reproduction is known as puberty.
Q 9: Why is looking after physical Health more important at the ador scent age?
Answer: It is important that the body gets the correct nutrition during adolescence to ensure healthy grown of bones, muscles and other parts.
Q 10: What is the final height achieved by an individual primarily governed by? What is the role of hormones in this process?
Answer: The final height an individual attains is primarily controlled by genes, hormones control how the height increase.
Q 11: What are the functions of the pituitary gland? List two hormones it produces and give their function.
Answer: The pituitary gland produces several hormones that control water balance, growth and also the release of other hormones. The growth hormones (GH) stimulates growth and development in the body. The thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine other hormones secreted by the pituitary gland stimulate the testes and ovaries to produce testosterone, oestrogen and progesterone respectively.
Q 12: Discuss the way height in adolescents increases.
Answer: There is a sudden increase in heights during adolescence, brought about by elongation of the bones of the arms and legs.
During this period, different parts of the body do not grow at same rate. For example, the arms and legs often grow faster than other parts, making them appear oversized and awkward However, this is temporary and soon the body regain its normal proportions.
Q 13: What causes pimples to appear in adolescents?
Answer: There is increase in the activity of sweat and sebaceous (oil) glands. This leads to increased sweating often resulting in body odour. The skin becomes oily. This often leads to appearance of acne and pimples on the face.
Q 14: What changes occur in the body shapes of Boys and girls during adolescents?
Answer:
CHANGES IN BOYS:
① The shoulder becomes broader
② Chest becomes wider
③ The muscles grow more than in girls
CHANGES IN GIRLS:
① The pelvic region widens
② Hips broaden
③ Breast develop and increase in size.
④ Mammary glands [milk secretion glands]/ develop inside the breasts.
Q 15: Why do adolescents find themselves confused and insecure?
Answer: As a result of trying to adjust to the changes in the body and mind, adolescents often find themselves feeling confused, insecure and self conscious. This is a natural part of growing up and is experienced by everyone, therefore there is no reason to feel insecure.
Q 16: Discuss the changes in boys and girls related to voice during adolescence?
Answer: The voice box or the Larynx begin to grow. It becomes bigger in boys than in girls this is why boys develop a deep voice whereas girls have a high pitched voice. In boys as the Larynx begins to grow the voice often cracks sometimes the voice often becomes hoarse. However this is temporary and the voice is soon back normal.
Q 17: Discuss the Menstrual cycle?
Answer: The cycle of producing and releasing a mature egg, the thickening of the uterus wall, and its shedding if fertilization does not occur is known as the menstrual cycle.
It is can’t rolled by hormones.
In female, reproductive age starts at puberty and continuous it approximately 40-45 years. When the menstrual cycle stops, female is no more reproductive. This is known as Menopause.
Q 18: Explain what determines the sex of a baby?
Answer: Each gamete has only one sex chromosome an egg has X chromosome. A sperm may have an X or Y chromosome.
1) If a sperm containing an X chromosome and fertilizes the egg, the zygote would have two X chromosome and would develop into a female.
2) If a sperm containing a Y chromosome fertilizes the egg, the zygote would have and X and Y chromosome and would develop into a male.
Thus, the sex of the baby is determined by which sperm, one containing X or Y one containing Y chromosome fertilizes the egg.
Q 19: How should an adolescent look after his/her physical health?
Answer:
① An adolescent should take proper nutrition and a balanced diet containing right amount of proteins, carbohydrates, fats vitamins and minerals.
② They should take a bath everyday and clean all the parts of the body.
③ Girls should be especially careful about hygiene during menstruation.
④ Doing physical exercise is also essential walking, jogging, aerobics outdoor activities are good for adolescent body.
Answer: The stage of life when the body becomes capable of reproduction is known as puberty.
Q 9: Why is looking after physical Health more important at the ador scent age?
Answer: It is important that the body gets the correct nutrition during adolescence to ensure healthy grown of bones, muscles and other parts.
Q 10: What is the final height achieved by an individual primarily governed by? What is the role of hormones in this process?
Answer: The final height an individual attains is primarily controlled by genes, hormones control how the height increase.
Q 11: What are the functions of the pituitary gland? List two hormones it produces and give their function.
Answer: The pituitary gland produces several hormones that control water balance, growth and also the release of other hormones. The growth hormones (GH) stimulates growth and development in the body. The thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine other hormones secreted by the pituitary gland stimulate the testes and ovaries to produce testosterone, oestrogen and progesterone respectively.
Q 12: Discuss the way height in adolescents increases.
Answer: There is a sudden increase in heights during adolescence, brought about by elongation of the bones of the arms and legs.
During this period, different parts of the body do not grow at same rate. For example, the arms and legs often grow faster than other parts, making them appear oversized and awkward However, this is temporary and soon the body regain its normal proportions.
Q 13: What causes pimples to appear in adolescents?
Answer: There is increase in the activity of sweat and sebaceous (oil) glands. This leads to increased sweating often resulting in body odour. The skin becomes oily. This often leads to appearance of acne and pimples on the face.
Q 14: What changes occur in the body shapes of Boys and girls during adolescents?
Answer:
CHANGES IN BOYS:
① The shoulder becomes broader
② Chest becomes wider
③ The muscles grow more than in girls
CHANGES IN GIRLS:
① The pelvic region widens
② Hips broaden
③ Breast develop and increase in size.
④ Mammary glands [milk secretion glands]/ develop inside the breasts.
Q 15: Why do adolescents find themselves confused and insecure?
Answer: As a result of trying to adjust to the changes in the body and mind, adolescents often find themselves feeling confused, insecure and self conscious. This is a natural part of growing up and is experienced by everyone, therefore there is no reason to feel insecure.
Q 16: Discuss the changes in boys and girls related to voice during adolescence?
Answer: The voice box or the Larynx begin to grow. It becomes bigger in boys than in girls this is why boys develop a deep voice whereas girls have a high pitched voice. In boys as the Larynx begins to grow the voice often cracks sometimes the voice often becomes hoarse. However this is temporary and the voice is soon back normal.
Q 17: Discuss the Menstrual cycle?
Answer: The cycle of producing and releasing a mature egg, the thickening of the uterus wall, and its shedding if fertilization does not occur is known as the menstrual cycle.
It is can’t rolled by hormones.
In female, reproductive age starts at puberty and continuous it approximately 40-45 years. When the menstrual cycle stops, female is no more reproductive. This is known as Menopause.
Q 18: Explain what determines the sex of a baby?
Answer: Each gamete has only one sex chromosome an egg has X chromosome. A sperm may have an X or Y chromosome.
1) If a sperm containing an X chromosome and fertilizes the egg, the zygote would have two X chromosome and would develop into a female.
2) If a sperm containing a Y chromosome fertilizes the egg, the zygote would have and X and Y chromosome and would develop into a male.
Thus, the sex of the baby is determined by which sperm, one containing X or Y one containing Y chromosome fertilizes the egg.
Q 19: How should an adolescent look after his/her physical health?
Answer:
① An adolescent should take proper nutrition and a balanced diet containing right amount of proteins, carbohydrates, fats vitamins and minerals.
② They should take a bath everyday and clean all the parts of the body.
③ Girls should be especially careful about hygiene during menstruation.
④ Doing physical exercise is also essential walking, jogging, aerobics outdoor activities are good for adolescent body.
All the answers are correct
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