CBSE Class 8/9/10/11/12: ⑬ Fun Facts about English Words (#englishgrammar) (#cbsenotes)

⑬ Fun Facts about English Words

① The following sentence contains all the alphabets of English (A to Z).

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 

Such type of sentences are called pangrams. Other examples of pangrams are:

The five boxing wizards jump quickly.

Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.

② Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconioisis (a lung disease) is the longest word in the English language that appears in major dictionaries. Mostly, other longest words are also technical or biological terms.

Class 10/9/8/7 - English Modal Verbs-Situations Table (#CBSENotes)

English Modal Verbs

Situations Table

Situation	Modal Verb	Example
requests (formal)	may	May I sit down?
requests (informal)	can	Can I sit down?
requests (polite)	would	Would you ind if I sit down?
permission (formal)	may	yoy may sit down
permission (informal)	can	You can sit down

CBSE Class 10/9/8 - English Grammar - Types of Prepositions

Types of Prepositions

I n the earlier post you have learned about forms of preposition. As we know a Preposition is a word place before a Noun (or Pronoun) to show in what relation the person or thing denoted by the Noun stands to something else.

Prepositions are mainly of five types:

① Preposition of Place

② Preposition of Time

③ Preposition of Direction

④ Preposition of Movement

⑤ Preposition of Position

① Preposition of Place: There are three prepositions of places:

⒜ At - used for a point of place (for small towns, villages or less important or small places)

e.g.

At home

At the exit/entrance

At work

He lives at Meharauli in Delhi.

At school

⒝ In - Used for spaces, for large places, countries, large towns, state of rest or position inside anything.

e.g.

He lives in Delhi.

In the mall

He is in his room.

He lives at Panji in Goa.

CBSE Class 8/9/10 - English Grammar - Forms of Preposition

Prepositions

Prepositions are words which show the relationship between two words in a sentence.

The relationship can include
- direction,
- place (or a particular point or location),
- time,
- manner,
- cause and
- amount (or degree).

☛Note: The preposition is almost always before the noun or pronoun and hence it is called a preposition.

FIVE FORMS OF PREPOSITION

There are five forms of prepositions i.e.

① Simple Prepositions
② Compound Prepositions
③ Double Prepositions
④ Participle Prepositions
⑤ Phrase Prepositions

CBSE Class 6-10 - English Grammar - Error Correction - Subject-Verb Agreement

Error Correction - Subject-Verb Agreement

English Grammar

The verb in a sentence has to agree with the number of the subject.

Rule 1: A singular subject takes a singular verb.
e.g.

A girl _______ (dance/dances) beautifully.  [Answer: dances]

This article _________ (has/have) three paragraphs.  [Answer: has]


Rule 2: A plural subject takes a plural verb.

e.g.

Those girls __________ (dance/dances) beautifully.   [Answer: dance]

These articles _________ (has/have) single paragraph only.  [Answer: have]


Rule 3: If two singular nouns are joined by 'and' and used as the subject, it takes plural verb.

e.g.
Mohan and Sudama  _________ (was/were) fast friends.   [Answer: were]

He and I _________(am/are) going to welcome them. [Answer: are]


Exceptions: Words used in pairs like 'bread and butter', 'bag and baggage' are considered singular and take singular verbs.

e.g. Blogging ______ (is/are) my bread and butter now.

CBSE Class 9/10 - English Grammar - Editing Exercise - 4

Editing Exercise

The following sentences have not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the incorrect word and correction. Remember to underline the word you have supplied.

-	Incorrect	Correct Word
1. Radha sat in a tree.	________	________
2. He likes cutting jokes.	________	________
3. I want a pen to write on.	________	________
4. Mohan needs not worry.	________	________
5. Are you a member in the committee?	_______	_______
6. What is the cost of this pen?	_______	_______
7. Verbal orders will not be obeyed.	_______	_______
8. I saw a bad dream last night.	_______	_______

CBSE 6 - 12 - English Grammar - Kinds Of Sentences (Part 2)

KINDS OF SENTENCES (Part 2)

You may see the first post on Kinds Of Sentences (Part-1)

Based on forms, sentences are of three types:

➊ Simple Sentences

➋ Compound Sentences

➌ Complex Sentences

Simple Sentence: A simple sentence has one subject, one predicate or finite verb.
e.g.

Rosy runs very fast.

They run very fast.

My friend is very intelligent.

Gold and Platinum are precious metals.

The train was late.

In the above sentences, words in black boxes are subjects while words in green boxes are predicates. See above the sentence "Gold and Platinum...", a conjunction is used to make a single subject.

Compound Sentences: In such sentences two or more co-ordinate clauses (independent of each other) are joined by a conjunction.

Examples are:
❶ Clouds appeared and it became to rain.

❷ You may stay or you may leave.

❸ I waited for the train, but it was late.

❹ The girls went to the disco but did not go to the cinema.

Class (6 - 12) English Grammar - KINDS OF SENTENCES (Part 1)(#eduvictors)(#englishgrammar)

KINDS OF SENTENCES (Part 1)

Sentences based on functions are categorised as follows:

1. Assertive Sentences
2. Interrogative Sentences
3. Imperative Sentences
4. Optative Sentences
5. Exclamatory Sentences

Assertive Sentences

These sentences merely assert an incident or a fact.
e.g.
The sun is a big star. (Affirmative)
The Taj is a beautiful monument.         (Affirmative)
He is not in Delhi. (Negative)
It does not glow at night.         (Negative)

Sentences that affirm one or the other fact are called affirmative sentences. First two sentences listed above are affirmative ones.

Sentences that negate a fact are called negative sentences. The last two sentences listed above are negative sentences.

Exercise:
Convert the following affirmative sentences into negative sentences by giving negative meaning also.

1. I like him.
2. Banana is a sweet fruit.
3. They play for Delhi Soccer club.
4. We sing a song.
5. He gets up early.


Answers:
1. I do not like him.
2. Banana is not a sweet fruit.
3. They do not play for Delhi Soccer club.
4. We do not sing a song.
5. He does not get up early.

CBSE Class 9/10/11/12 - Cloze Test -2 (English Grammar)

Cloze Test 

Fill in the blanks from the choices given below:

The League of Nations was (1) in 1919. It became ineffective and the UNO began to (2)  from October 24, 1945. The Second World War (3) in 1939. It caused great (4) to human lives and properly. As a (5) of use of atom bombs, many people were (6) and many became (7). The world leaders feared that another world war would (8) the entire world. It was a question of the (9) of mankind. To ensure peace and (10) the world leaders established world organisation, the UNO.



1. (A) created
   (B) formed
   (C) made
   (D) opened

2. (A) start
    (B) operate
   (C) function
   (D) commence


3. (A) broke in
   (B) broke out
   (C) broke into
   (D) broke up


4. (A) wastage
   (B) calamity
   (C) loss
   (D) disturbance

CBSE Class 6 - 12: English Grammar - Confusing Sentences

Confusing Sentences

1. To go to school - to get education.
    e.g. Sheila is going to school. (It means Sheila is studying there).

    To go to the school - to go for other purpose
    e.g. Sheila's father is going to the school. (It means Sheila's father is visiting school for some purpose, may be inquiring about his daughter's progress.)


2.  To go to play - to take part in games

     To go to the play - to go to a theatre.


3. A black and white dog - One dog which is partly black and partly white.

    A black and a white dog - two different dogs - one black in colour while the other is white in colour.


4. Tell me briefly - Tell me in a short time.

    Tell me shortly - Tell me in short.

CBSE Class 8/9/10 - Reading Comprehension (Set-6)

 Reading Comprehension

Read the following passages carefully and mark out the correct answers from among the alternatives given below each question in every passage:

PASSAGE - 1

Discussions on drug addiction should also be concerned with the vast, majority of people who are not addicts. Their homes and lives are insecure because our narcotics laws drive such people to crime. The drug addict is almost never dangerous when he is under the influence of drugs. What makes him dangerous is the desperate need for money to buy the next dose. Drugs are available only in an illegal black market. The costs are stupendous, and this is what drives the addict to steal, rob and even kill.

Q1: According to the author, discussions of drug addiction are generally concerned with

(a) addicts
(b) non-addicts
(c) criminals
(d) black marketers

Q2: Addicts take to criminal acts because 

(a) drugs make them lose self-control

(b) the habit of robbing and stealing is hard to break

(c) they need large sums of money to buy drugs

(d) law is powerless against them

Q3: The author seems to criticize the narcotics laws for

(a) being too lenient

(b) being too complicated

(c) being ineffective

(d) driving addicts to crime

CBSE Class 8/9/10 - Reading Comprehension (Set-5)

 Reading Comprehension

Read the following passages carefully and mark out the correct answers from among the alternatives given below each question in every passage:

PASSAGE - 1

The load was very heavy for the old camel. He tried his best to carry it as far as the next village. There his master would be able to get another camel to carry this heavy load. But he was so tired and exhausted that he could not go any further. His master took off the load from the camel’s back and put it on the back of another camel and went his way. A tiger was passing by at this time. He had been hurt by the tusk of an elephant. As the tiger was in pain, he found it difficult to walk. So he lay down by the side of the camel. The camel began licking the tiger’s wound with his long tongue and offered him food that his master had left behind. In a few days, the tiger and the camel recovered. As the tiger was very hungry the old camel told him to kill him and eat his meat. The tiger could not think of killing his friend.
At that time a deer came running towards them. A hunter had shot at him with an arrow. He lay down by the side of the tiger. He told the tiger to kill him and eat his flesh as he did not want the wicked hunter to take him away. The tiger did as he was told. Just then the hunter came on the spot. The angry tiger jumped on him and killed him also. Another young deer was in the bag that the hunter was carrying. The tiger set it free. The tiger and the camel lived happily ever after in the forest.

Q1: The camel began to lick the tiger’s wound because of the

(a) tiger was in pain
(b) tiger was tired
(c) tiger could not walk
(d) the camel was hungry
(e) camel’s tongue is long.

CBSE Class 8/9/10/11/12 CTET - English Grammar - Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension

Directions: Read the following short passages. After each passage, you will find several questions based on what is stated or implied in the passages. Answer the questions that follow each passage.

 Passage -1 

Vehicles do not move about the roads for mysterious reasons of their Own. They move only because people want them to move in connection with the activities which the people are engaged in. Traffic is therefore a ‘function of activities’, and because, in towns, activities mainly take place in buildings, traffic in towns is a ‘function of buildings’, The implications of this line of reasoning are inescapable.

Q1: Line 1 of the passage means that vehicles move on the roads

(a) for reasons difficult to understand.
(b) to serve specific purposes of people.
(c) in a haphazard fashion.
(d) in ways beyond our control.


Q2: The author says that traffic is a ‘function of  activities’. He means that

(a) human activities are taking place.
(b) human activities are dependent on traffic.
(c) traffic is not dependent on human activities.
(d) traffic is connected with human activities.

Q3: The author suggests by his argument that

CBSE Class 7/8/9/10 - English - Test you Vocabulary and Grammar

VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR CHECK

MCQs

Q1: The American season 'Fall' is known in England as

 (a) Spring 

 (b) Autumn 

 (c) Winter

 (d) Summer

Q2: The weather is atrocious. The underlined word means

 (a) Very pathetic 

 (b) Very artistic 

 (c) Highly automatic 

 (d) Very unpleasant

Q3:  A synonym of Metamorphosis is

(a) Great shape 

(b) Transformation 

(c) Superior organization 

(d) Irregular formation

CBSE Class 10 - English Communcation - Letters

Letters

Q(CBSE 2012): Look at the following poster denouncing dowry. Based on the picture and using your own ideas write a letter, in about 120 words, to the editor of a national daily expressing your views on the evils of dowry and how this problem needs to be tackled.

Answer:

X-Lane
Y-city
19th December,2013
The Editor
The Hindustan Times
New Delhi

Dear Editor

Through the coloumns of your esteemed newspaper, I would like to draw the attention of the people towards the burning issue of dowry and its ill-effects on our society.

The dowry system is a social evil. In India many of the traditional customs have been given up, but the custom of dowry has not only continued, but flourished over the years.In spite of increase in the literacy rate, education and modernization, we have not been able to eradicate this problem from our society. Even today, daughters are given furniture, crockery, electronic items, jewellery, cars, flats etc. in order to ensure their security. Initially dowry was given to support the new couple, but with the passage of time marriage has become an occasion for blatant selling of the bridegroom. The ill-effects of this problem include the neglect of daughters, sex-selective abortion, female infanticide, and the harassment, abuse etc. When demands for dowry are not met, the bride is subjected to torture, and often even killed. 

CBSE Class 7/8/9/10 - English Grammar - Articles (Common Errors)

ARTICLES

Common Errors

Q: Correct the following sentences:

1. Never tell lie.
2. I have lost a pen that you gave me.
3. I am in hurry.
4. She is a honest girl.
5. He has headache.
6. It is time to take the tea.
7. The man is mortal.
8. Please give me an one-rupee note.
9. She is a M.A. in geography.
10. He is going to an university.

CBSE Class 8/9/10 - English Grammar - ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION

ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION

1. To give up the throne voluntarily                                       
2. The original inhabitants                                                     
3.A partner in crime or sin                                                    
4. Who is not sure about the existence of God                      
5. A foreigner                                                                      
6. A person who loves others                                               
7. Of superhuman qualities                                                  
8. Preventing fever                                                              
9. Sound of noisy weeping                                                   
10. A vain boasting fellow                                                    

CBSE Class 9/10 - English Grammar - Message Writing

MESSAGE WRITING

FORMAT:

Message

Date____

Name(of the person to whom it is meant )

Body of the message with details
        who called
        why he called
        follow-up if required

Name(of the person with the message)

Q1(CBSE): The following is a telephonic conversation between Venkat and his sister. As Venkat's sister had to leave for her dance classes, she leaves a message for her mother. Write the message in not more than 50 words.

Venkat: Can I speak to mom?
Veena: She has gone out.
Venkat: I have to leave for Durgapur tomorrow at 4 a.m. for Inter-School Football Match. Please ask
her to get my bag packed as I will be back home late in the evening after practice.
Veena: I will.

12th April, 2013

Mom,

Venkat called up to inform that he has to leave for  Durgapur tomorrow at 4 a.m. for Inter-School Football Match. You are requested to pack his bag as he will return home late in the evening after his football practice.

Veena.

CBSE Class 10 - English (C) - Tenses

Tenses

Q1(CBSE class 10,  2011): Complete the following passage choosing the correct options given:

According to the NASA Astronaut Neil Armstrong, the Aliens (a)_____________  a base on the Moon and they (b)_______________ the American astronauts in no uncertain terms to (c) ....................... and stay away from the Moon. According to (d) ....................... unconfirmed reports, both Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin saw UFOs shortly after that historic (e) ....................... on the Moon in Apollo 11 on 21 July 1969. Observers in the control room say that they remember (f) ....................... one of the astronauts refer to a “light” in or on a crater (g) ....................... the television transmission. The mission control (h) ....................... for more details.

(a)
   (i) are having
   (ii) have
   (iii) has
   (iv) is having

(b)
    (i) are telling
    (ii) tell
   (iii) told
    (iv) are saying

Online English Grammar Quiz Available

Eduvictors.com Basic English Grammar Quiz

200+ MCQs covering 17 topics on English Grammar are available at Eduvictors.com in quiz form.
You may access the quizzes on the following topics:

Nouns Quiz-1: Test your understanding about different types of Nouns

Nouns Quiz-2: Check your knowledge about cries of animals and birds.