Class 12 Biology | Chapter - Reproductive Health - Short Answer Based Questions #eduvictors #class12Biology

Class 12 Biology | Chapter - Reproductive Health - Short Answer Based Questions

Q1. What is the definition of "Reproductive Health" as defined by WHO?

Answer: According to World Health Organisation (WHO) reproductive health means total well-being in physical, mental, emotional, behavioural and social aspects of reproduction.

Q2. What is amniocentesis?

Answer: Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic technique used to determine the sex and metabolic disorder of an unborn foetus. This technique is often misused to kill an unborn normal female fetus.

Q3. Our government has intentionally imposed strict conditions for MTP in our country. Justify giving a reason.

Answer: The Government of India has put in place strict rules for medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) because it is being misused for sex determination and illegal abortions of female fetuses. This could disturb the balance between the number of males and females, causing many ethical, religious, and social problems.

Q4.  Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.

Answer: Yes, the use of contraceptives is justified because it helps to control the rapid growth of the human population. It will also help in preventing unwanted pregnancies and STDs. Contraceptives also help in controlling the population growth rate.

Q5. State True/False with an explanation.

(a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)

(b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)

Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (True/False)

(d) Creating awareness about sex-related aspects is an effective method to improve the reproductive health of people. (True/False)

Answer: 

(a) True: Due to internal factors like incompatibility, abortion could happen spontaneously.

(b) False: Infertility may also be caused due to male partners when the sperm count is low or their mobility is less.

(c) True: Lactational amenorrhea is a method of contraception as ovulation does not occur during the period of intense lactation following parturition.

(d) True: Creating awareness about sex-related aspects removes the myths and misconceptions about these problems.

Q6. Write the full form of the following abbreviations:

i.   GIFT

ii.  ICSI

iii. ART

iv.  AIT

v.  ZIFT

vi.  IUT

Answers: 

GIFT: Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer.

ICSI: Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection.

ART: Assisted Reproductive Technologies

AIT: Artificial Insemination Technique 

ZIFT: Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer 

IUT: Intra Uterine Transfer

Q7: After a brief medical examination, a healthy couple came to know that both of them cannot produce functional gametes and should look for an ‘ART’ (Assisted Reproductive Technique). Name the ‘ART’ and the procedures involved that you can suggest to them to help them bear a child.

Answer: Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) address infertility issues. In this case, since both partners can't produce functional gametes, doctors recommend Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT). Superovulation is performed like in IVF, and two oocytes with 200,000-500,000 motile sperms are placed in a plastic tube, which is then inserted 4 cm into the Fallopian tube via laparoscopy. This method has a success rate of 27-30% and is better than IVF.

Q8. The present population growth rate in India is alarming. Suggest ways to check it

Answer: 

(i) By increasing marriageable age.

(ii) By promoting the use of birth control measures.

(iii) By educating people about the consequences of uncontrolled population growth.

Q9.  Indiscriminate diagnostic practices, using X-rays, etc., should be avoided. Give one reason.

Answer: These practices act as carcinogens which convert normal cells to neoplastic cells by harmful mutations or chromosomal aberration.

Q10. Why is tubectomy considered a contraceptive method?

Answer: Tubectomy involves cutting a piece of the fallopian tube and tying its ends. This way, the sperm cannot reach the egg so fertilisation cannot occur. Thus, it acts as a contraceptive method.

Q11. A pregnant human female was advised to undergo MTP. It was diagnosed that the fetus she was carrying had developed from a zygote having 45 chromosomes with only one X chromosome.

a) What is this condition called and how does it arise?

b) Why was she advised to undergo MTP? 

Answer:

a) The embryo has Turner’s Syndrome [0.5] due to aneuploidy of the sex chromosome. Such a disorder is caused due to the absence of one of the X chromosomes, i.e., 45 with XO.

b) She was advised MTP as the child will have the following problems:

· rudimentary ovaries

· poorly developed breasts

· lack of other secondary sexual characters

· delayed or no onset of the menstrual cycle and infertile. 

Q12. The alarming population growth is leading to a scarcity of basic requirements. Suggest with reasons, any two population control measures other than contraception to address the situation.

Answer: Here are some population control measures besides contraception:

(a) Using media ads to promote the benefits of having small families.

(b) Raising the legal marriage age to 18 for females and 21 for males to reduce the number of births.

(c) Offering incentives to couples with small families to encourage others to do the same.

Q13. Name an oral pill used as a contraceptive by human females. Explain how it prevents pregnancy. 

Answer: ‘Saheli’ is a contraceptive pill for women. It works by stopping ovulation and implantation, and it also changes the cervical mucus to block or slow down sperm entry. This prevents fertilisation and pregnancy.

Q14. How does CuT act as a contraceptive?

Answer: Cu2+ ions released suppress sperm motility, and lower the fertilising capacity of sperms.

Q15. All reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are STDs but all STDs are not RTIs. Justify with an example. 

Answer: Among common STDs, hepatitis B and AIDS are not infections of the reproductive organs, though they can be transmitted through sexual contact. Other diseases like gonorrhoea, syphilis, and genital herpes are spread through sexual contact and directly affect the reproductive tract.

Q16. What are the consequences of population explosion?

Answer: Here are the consequences of population explosion:

(i) It leads to a severe shortage of basic necessities such as food, clothing, fuel, and shelter.

(ii) There is an increased demand for fossil fuels like oil, gas, and coal.

(iii) It causes environmental degradation.

👉See Also:

Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms (VSQA)
Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms (NCERT and Other Questions and Answers)
Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants (MCQs)
Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms (MCQs)
Chapter 1: What is a lifespan?
Biology: What's unique about flowering and fruiting in Bamboo species?

Human Reproduction (Important Terms)
Human Reproduction System (Very Short Q & A)
HIV/AIDS (A Brief Introduction)
Human Reproduction (MCQs)
Human Reproduction (Q & A Part-1)

Reproductive Health (MCQs)